Eucalyptus production at the Paraíba do Sul river basin, in the Southern region of Brazil, is becoming an alternative for smallholders and medium farmers which aim to provide raw materials to paper and cellulose-industry companies. The land use and land cover pattern at the Vale do Paraíba region is undergoing changes, and the eucalyptus silviculture occupies an ever-increasing space over other agro-ecosystems, especially over pastures. GeoVale proposes a technical and scientific assessment of the land use and land cover changes detected over time and of their resulting environmental changes at this region, which is one of Brazil's main economic regions and one of the watersheds with highest eucalyptus concentration in the state of São Paulo. Besides mapping the dynamics of eucalyptus' silviculture, the project will analyze factors such as biodiversity, carbon balance, soil erosion rate, and management systems, with the aim of elucidating and enhancing the knowledge on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of this crop. A greater ecological understanding of eucalyptus crops is extremely important, especially regarding its influence on the natural regeneration of tree species, on the promotion of habitats favorable to wild animals, on temperature improvement, and on carbon fixation or less carbon release to the atmosphere in eucalyptus occupation of areas previously used as pastures, especially degraded pastures. The project's main objectives to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the land use and land cover at eucalyptus' crops and their impact on the Paraíba do Sul river basin. The thematic mapping aims to verify the environmental changes caused by land use and land cover changes along time while taking into account the spatialization of values of evapotranspiration flows, occupation of areas protected by law, carbon balance, soil erosion and the impacts on animal and plant biodiversity.