Selection for desirable bovine phenotypes has been practiced since the domestication of cattle, which occurred approximately 10,000 years ago. This process of domestication has brought about a marked change in behavioral and morphological characteristics in the subspecies and, together with the development of breeds and genetic breeding programs, has given rise to the enormous variety of patterns and racial types known today. Since then, traditional breeding tools, based on quantitative theory, have ensured continuous genetic gain in most of the characteristics of economic interest, but selection has been made without the knowledge of the effect of the genes that act on the characteristics of interest. As a result, more recent research has been directed to incorporate into the selection process the information of molecular markers that are associated with the substantial genetic variation of some relevant characteristics. The value of these research efforts is related to the potential use of marker assisted selection (SAM), which aims to reduce the generation gap and reduce the cost of progeny tests by providing greater reliability in the selection of animals. Thus, the inclusion of markers in the selection process can double the genetic gains and decrease the costs of traditional progeny testing by up to 92%. In the last two decades, several types of molecular markers have been identified for use in SAM, however, it has been found that only polymorphisms with sufficient density to increase reliabilities are the SNPs, which have been used in so-called DNA chips. In a complementary way, the so called “next-generation sequencing” technologies are presented as a strategy for the efficient design of global association studies that would allow, among other things, the identification of genomic regions subject to natural / artificial selection in animals gown in production systems. The identification of these regions may lead to initial inferences about the genes present, which may be involved in the manifestation of characteristics of economic importance in dairy cattle. Furthermore, the analysis of selection signatures may lead to the identification of causal mutations that may confer adaptive or productive advantages on populations, races or species. Currently, the identification of these regions is one of the main interests of geneticists, since it can help advancements from the understanding of basic processes involved in the evolution of genomes to the discovery of the function of genes / genomic regions. Thus, this project aims to structure an institutional network to generate, through an efficient design for studies of population genomics combined with the use of new generation sequencing, data to be sufficient for identifying polymorphisms in the bovine genome with high saturation. Polymorphisms will be the input data for the analysis of selection signatures in order to identify important regions / genes in livestock production. This new network should integrate with the Genomic Animal Network II. Such an organization will allow the production of diverse results, including the development and / or enhancement of methodologies for the integration of information from SNPs to progeny tests. Such an integration will enable the pre-selection of young bulls, with an impact on increasing genetic gains, reducing costs and carrying out more reliable cow selection.