Author(s): LANDERS, J. N.; FREITAS, P. L. de; OLIVEIRA, M. C. de; SILVA NETO, S. P. da; RALISCH, R.; KUENEMAN, E. A.

Summary: The origins, history, and recent advances in Conservation Agriculture (CA) are reported. CA is now practiced worldwide on some 200 million hectares, important for mitigating climate change and ensuring food security. Its bedrock is Zero Tillage (ZT) with crop rotation and retention of crop residues. CA approaches Or-19 ganic Agriculture (OA) when coupled to biological control providing opportunity for OA to become truly sustainable. Ley Farming (LF) and agroforestry with ZT are important for carbon sequestration and land use intensification. Hidden cost: each ton of carbon immobilizes 83 kg of N, 29 kg of P, and 14 kg of S. Industry-backed Regenerative Agriculture (RA) variants have no scientific definition, but generally adopt CA. Sustainable, profitable, and compatible new technologies are emerging and CA needs to embrace them to present a holistic, sustainable package to the farmer. How? A single definition for agricultural sustainability via a multi-stakeholder world congress would standardize certification and de-confuse the market. RA describes exactly what CA does for soil health and all farmers need to unite around a new "Combined Regenerative Agriculture" (CRA) to lobby for adequate payments for environmental services. Expansion of CA is critical for world sustainability. Many gaps and constraints exist, especially for smallholders.

Publication year: 2021

Types of publication: Journal article

Unit: Embrapa Soils

Keywords: Agricultura Orgânica, Biologia do Solo, Land use intensification, No-tillage, Off-farm benefits, Organic agriculture, Payments for environmental services, Plantio Direto, Regenerative agriculture, Soil biology, Soil disturbance, Zero tillage