Brazilian scientific advances on regional climate modelling and the current stage of public policy regarding the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the adaptation to climate change are the theme of a publication that the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - MCTI) launched during the 68th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science (Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência - SBPC). The publication "Third National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (TNC) addresses the main Brazilian efforts to tackle climate change, and reports the results Brazil presented at the COP21 held in Paris, in December, 2015. The communication showcases the positive results achieved through the establishment of a national scientific research and technology program and the field actions adopted to reduce GHG emissions. Such actions comprised the areas of land use and forests, agricultural practices, energy generation and use, industrial activities, and waste treatment. The country's goal is to cut between 36.1% and 38.9% of projected emissions by 2020. Published in three volumes, the TNC features a new methodological approach and data concerning emission activities and factors, and it represents an important tool to support the fulfilment of the targets Brazil proposed to the Framework Convention. In addition to said volumes, there is an executive summary of the results available for download. The researcher from Embrapa Agricultural Informatics (located in Campinas, SP) Eduardo Delgado Assad is the technical coordinator of the third volume, entitled "The Third Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks of Greenhouse Gases". This communication complies with the UN agreement that establishes the elaboration, update and publication of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the period from 1990 to 2010.