Genome editing of bovine embryos by CRISPR/Cas9 system conjugated with carbon nanotubes

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The technology for gene editing based on the CRISPR / Cas9 system (Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated to Cas9 endonuclease) consists of an endonuclease (Cas9) guided by RNA (guide RNA - sgRNA), which is capable of editing the genome with accuracy. This system enables the inactivation of genes through cleavage followed by repairing the strands by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) leading to the knockout of the expression, which results extremely useful to prevent the expression of genes associated with diseases or unwanted phenotypic changes, or the introduction of alleles associated to animal production and welfare. Studies of bovine embryos with CRISPR/Cas9 are still recent and handling procedures towards production of those embryos on a larger scale remain difficult, with low efficiency. In the case of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, cytoplasmic injection of each zygote individually is necessary, a laborious and time-consuming process, which contributes to the reduction of embryonic viability. The objective of this project was to develop a CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery procedure for bovine zygotes to increase agility and efficiency to promote gene editing in bovines. First, the conjugation of sgRNA and Cas9 protein with carbon nanoparticles was evaluated as a possibility for delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Zeta potential analysis showed low complexation of carbon nanoparticles with sgRNA and Cas9. The best option was the oxidized and amine carbon nanotubes than the carboxylated ones, although the values suggest low conjugation ability. As an alternative to the use of nanoparticles, the electroporation of zygotes for delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system was evaluated. Using electroporation equipment developed with special characteristics for the delivery of gene editing systems, it was possible to introduce mutations in the bovine embryonic genome with high efficiency, proven by the gene knockout, eliminating the expression of the encoded protein. The results led to a methodological recommendation with zygote electroporation for the successful editing of bovine embryos in promoting mutation and knockout of protein expression in bovine embryos, which should contribute to generate bovines with edited genome with alleles associated with favorable livestock traits, such as heat tolerance, milk and meat quality, and disease resistance. This project had the collaboration of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) and University of California-Davis, USA (UC Davis).

Status: Completed Start date: Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 GMT-03:00 2018 Conclusion date: Tue Jun 30 00:00:00 GMT-03:00 2020

Head Unit: Embrapa Dairy Cattle

Project leader: Luiz Sergio de Almeida Camargo

Contact: luiz.camargo@embrapa.br