The research analyzed the environmental performance of the canola agricultural production process used in the southern region of Brazil. The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) considered both the canola grain production process (agricultural stage) and the processing of grains (industrial stage) to produce oil and bran, the main products in the chain.Unprecedented for rapeseed (Brassicanapus L. var. oleifera), the data collected accounted for all inputs of materials and energy for the production, use and disposal of canola, as well as outputs, such as the products themselves, by-products, emissions to air, land and water, such as waste and gases. The analyzes were based on data provided by the companies Celena Alimentos and by the Brazilian Association of Canola Producers (Abrascanola), which made available and validated the information, especially those obtained in the grain processing stage.